Sunscreen 101: Protecting Your Skin Every Day

Sunscreen is one of the most effective ways to protect your skin from the harmful effects of the sun. Ultraviolet (UV) rays, even on cloudy days, can cause sunburn, premature aging, and increase the risk of skin cancer. Using sunscreen daily helps shield your skin from these risks while keeping it healthy and radiant.

Many people think sunscreen is only necessary for summer or beach trips, but UV exposure occurs year-round. Regular application of sunscreen can prevent sun damage that accumulates over time, which often shows up as wrinkles, dark spots, or uneven skin tone.

Types of Sunscreen

Sunscreens generally fall into two categories: chemical and physical.

Chemical Sunscreens

Chemical sunscreens absorb UV radiation and convert it into heat, preventing it from penetrating the skin. Ingredients like avobenzone, octocrylene, and oxybenzone are common in this type. They are usually lightweight and suitable for daily use under makeup.

Physical Sunscreens

Physical sunscreens, also called mineral sunscreens, contain zinc oxide or titanium dioxide. They act as a barrier, reflecting UV rays away from the skin. These sunscreens are often recommended for sensitive skin as they are less likely to cause irritation.

Choosing the Right SPF

SPF, or Sun Protection Factor, indicates the level of protection against UVB rays, which are the primary cause of sunburn. An SPF 30 blocks approximately 97% of UVB rays, while SPF 50 blocks about 98%. Higher SPF offers slightly more protection, but no sunscreen can block 100% of UV rays.

For everyday activities, dermatologists recommend at least SPF 30. For extended outdoor exposure, such as hiking or beach days, SPF 50 or higher is advisable.

How to Apply Sunscreen Correctly

Proper application is key to effective sun protection. Follow these steps:

• Apply sunscreen 15–30 minutes before going outdoors to allow it to absorb.

• Use a generous amount; most adults need about one teaspoon for the face and neck, and a shot-glass amount for the entire body.

• Reapply every two hours, or more often if swimming, sweating, or towel-drying.

• Don’t forget often-missed areas like ears, back of the neck, hands, and tops of feet.

Common Myths About Sunscreen

Myth 1: Dark skin doesn’t need sunscreen

Research from MD Anderson Cancer Center confirms that while dark skin has more melanin, it is not immune to UV damage. Their dermatology experts explain that people with darker skin are less likely to get skin cancer, but they are still at risk, and dark skin can still burn.

Myth 2: Sunscreen is only for sunny days

According to the WHO, even on overcast or hazy days, UV radiation still gets through. In fact, thin clouds can scatter UV light and sometimes even slightly increase the exposure. So yes — you still need protection, because invisible UV rays can still harm your skin when it’s cloudy.

Myth 3: One application is enough

Sunscreen wears off over time, especially with sweat or water exposure. Reapplication is necessary for continuous protection.

Tips for Everyday Sun Safety

Sunscreen works best when combined with other sun safety habits:

• Seek shade during peak UV hours, typically between 10 a.m. and 4 p.m.

• Wear protective clothing, hats, and sunglasses.

• Be cautious near reflective surfaces like water, sand, and snow.

Conclusion

Sunscreen is a simple yet powerful tool to maintain healthy skin. By choosing the right type, applying it correctly, and combining it with other sun-safe habits, you can enjoy the outdoors without compromising your skin’s health. Making sunscreen a part of your daily routine is an investment in both your appearance and long-term well-being.